Permission for the construction of a new single-storey side extension, and Retention Permission for an existing single-storey conservatory to the rear of the property together with all associated landscaping/site development works.

Permission for the construction of a new two-storey extension to the rear of the existing property with 3x new roof-lights located within the new roof to the front of the property together with a new entrance porch to front and a new boundary wall with gate posts to form a new 4m wide vehicular entrance also to the front of the property with finishes and heights to match those at No. 32, plus all associated landscaping/site development works.

This application relates to development within the Cherrywood Strategic Development Zone (SDZ) and is subject to the Cherrywood Planning Scheme 2014, as amended. The site of the residential development is located in the Cherrywood Planning Scheme Area and forms part of Development Area 1 - Lehaunstown. The area of residential development of this application is approximately 3.73Ha and is generally bounded by Barrington'sRoad to the north, the Green Luas line and Grande Parade to the east, lands permitted under Planning Reg. Ref: DZ20A/0399 and DZ23A/0005 to the west and Castle Street and Lehaunstown Lane to the south. Permission is sought for amendments to development permitted under Reg. Ref. DZ21A/0334 consisting of: Building 1 - Conversion of 1 no. permitted 2-bedroom apartment unit to 1 no. 3-bedroom apartment unit; conversion of 1 no. permitted 2-bedroom apartment unit to 1 no. 1-bedroom apartment unit; internal reconfiguration of 1 no. 1-bedroom apartment unit; addition of 4 no. 1-bedroom apartment units, 2 no. 2- bedroom apartment units and 1 no. 3-bedroom apartment unit; omission of 1 no. permitted 3-bedroom apartment unit and its replacement with a bin store. • Building 2 - Conversion of 3 no. permitted 1-bedroom apartment units to 3 no. 2-bedroom apartment units; conversion of 1 no. permitted 2-bedroom apartment unit to 1 no. 1-bedroom apartment unit; addition of 4 no. 1-bedroom apartment units and 3 no. 2-bedroom apartment units; omission of 1 no. permitted 1- bedroom apartment unit and its replacement with a bin store. Building 3 - Conversion of 2no. permitted 2-bedroom apartment units to 2 no. 3-bedroom apartment units; adjustments to the size of 2 no. permitted 2- bedroom apartment units; addition of 3 no. 3-bedroom apartment units, 2 no. 2-bedroom apartment units; omission of 1 no. permitted 2-bedroom apartment unit and its replacement with a bin store. • 40 no. permitted duplex units comprising of 22 no. 3-bedroom units and 18 no. 2-bedroom units omitted and replaced with 28 no. duplex units, comprising of 14no. 2-bedroom apartment units and 14 no. 3-bedroom apartment units now to be provided in buildings, all 3 storeys in height. • The proposals relating to 58 no. dwelling units comprise in summary the omission of 1no. 1-bedroom unit, 19 no. 2-bedroom units and 23 no. 3-bedroom units; 43 no. in total. New, replacement units comprising of 8 no. 1-bedroom units, 21 no. 2-bedroom units, 18 no. 3-bedroom units; 47 no. in total; 11 no. permitted units will be modified to provide 3 no. 1-bedroom units, 5 no. 2-bedroom units and 3 no. 3-bedroom units; 11 no. in total. The overall development will increase from 488 permitted units to 492 units (+4 no. units). • Removal of 1st floor podium courtyard from permitted Apartment Buildings 1, 2 and 3, and associated partial removal of areas of permitted basement car parking areas below, together with associated relocation of car parking under podium to on-street locations. Car parking provision will remain as previously permitted, 555 no. spaces overall (including provision of 114 no. electric vehicle charging spaces). The courtyard for permitted Apartment Buildings 1, 2 and 3 will now be at Ground Level. Amendments so as to facilitate the phased construction and phased occupation of the dwelling units; Increase in cycle parking provision spaces to now provide a total of 655 no. bicycle parking spaces, consisting of 551 no. long term and 104 no. short stay spaces including the relocation and resizing of 3 no. permitted long term cycle shelters; Reduction of 4 no. motorcycle parking spaces to provide a total of 22no. spaces. • Relocation of permitted internal bin and cycle stores at lower ground and ground floor levels; Revised basement level ventilation and refuse strategy; Omission of 1no. permitted ESB Substation and the relocation of another, resulting in 4no. ESB Substations in total; Alterations to the storm water drainage network permitted under planning reference DZ21A/0334 and provision of a new connection to the public storm water sewer, including changes to the volume and discharge rate of the combined storm water attenuation tank permitted under planning references DZ20A/0399 and DZ21A/0334; all associated site development and landscaping works, including associated adjustment of layout and levels to internal road, relocation of stormwater attenuation cells and pipe network and basement access ramps and associated reconfiguration of external public realm and amenity spaces, including streetscapes, public lighting, amenity open spaces and courtyards to Blocks 1, 2 and 3. The proposed development consists of amendments to development permitted under Reg. Ref. DZ21A/0334 and is also an amendment to site development and landscape works permitted under Reg. Refs. DZ20A/0399, DZ21A/1069 and DZ21A/1042. The amendments to the site development and landscape works through the L1 tile are consistent with that under Planning Reg. Ref. DZ23A/0005. • Permission is also sought for the relocation of permitted temporary creche and its associated external play space from the ground floor of Building 3 to the ground floor of Building 2, including the temporary change of use at that location to accommodate the creche. The ground floor space in Building 3 accommodating the temporary creche will revert to its permanent use permitted under Reg. Ref: DZ21A/0334 as residential amenity use. The ground floor space in Building 2 now proposed to accommodate the temporary creche is permitted under Reg. Ref: DZ21A/0334 as residential amenity use as well as storage and cycle storage. The operation of the temporary creche will only be necessary if a permanent creche facility of commensurate or appropriate scale has not been applied for and approved on a site within the Tully and Lehaunstown Development Areas of the Planning Scheme in the ownership of the Applicant. Where a permanent creche facility of commensurate or appropriate scale has been applied for and approved on a site within the Tully and Lehaunstown Development Areas of the Planning Scheme and in the ownership of the Applicant, and the temporary creche is operational, the temporary creche facility, including the external play space, shall cease and the area that comprised the facility shall be converted and revert to the permanent uses permitted consistent with Condition 8 of Reg. Ref. DZ21A/0334.

Planning permission for the development of a ground floor kitchen extension to the rear (11.50M2) of existing two storey house.

The proposed development (on development tile known as L1 West) will consist of amendments to the development permitted under DZ23A/0005 as follows: Modifications to the internal layouts of the permitted House types A1, A2, A3, A4, A1H and A2H (all 4no. bedroom dwellings), with associated elevational changes including the rearrangement of selected windows at ground and first floor levels. The development also comprises the relocation of the permitted site compound from the existing surface water attenuation tank area (within development tile L1 West) to lands to the North (on development tile P7) for the construction of the development permitted under DZ23A/0005 (and proposed to be amended by this subject application) and all associated site works above and below ground. The cumulative area relating to the proposed amendments is c. 0.5 hectares. The associated development area of the site and required infrastructure amounts to c. 8.55Ha.

Permission is sought for the construction of two detached two-storey dwellings with new entrance, access roadway and all associated site infrastructure and landscape works to facilitate the development at a site to the rear. The proposed development is within the curtilage of a protected structure.

Permission for development. The development will consist of

Permission for the construction of a new single storey garden room, and all ancillary works.

A new single storey extension consisting of a family flat unit to side of existing house, and all associated ancillary site works.

Timber garden structure of 51.9 m2

Planning permission is sought for the following: (i) Demolition of existing single storey dwelling and garage; (ii) construction of part three, part four storey over part-basement apartment building comprising 27 no. apartments (1 no. studio, 13 no. one-bed, and 13 no. two-bed units). Each apartment will be provided with living/ kitchen/ dining room, bathroom, bedrooms, and storage; (iii) provision of terraces/balconies for each apartment; (iv) provision of 16 no. car parking spaces (including 1 no. mobility spaces and 1 no. Go Car space) and 2 no. motorbike spaces; (iv) 28 no. resident bike parking spaces, 6 no. visitor spaces and 2 no. cargo bike spaces; (vi) provision of plant room at basement level; (vii) upgrade of existing access point to provide vehicular and separate pedestrian access to site; (viii) all associated site and infrastructural works, including foul and surface water drainage, landscaping, boundary treatments, bin stores, and plant areas necessary to facilitate the development.

The construction of a single storey horse stable block (200m2) to the rear of the existing dwelling, recontouring of ground, which will enable formation of a new outdoor paddock for horses (50x30m), provision of fencing and external lighting to paddock, new surface water drainage soakaway system, new roofed dungstead (10 m2) and soiled water underground storage tank (8,500 litres); and all ancillary and related site works necessary to facilitate the development.

Permission is being sought for demolition and replacement of twentieth century flat-roofed extensions to north of main house, creation of structural openings, removal of concrete floors and replacement with limecrete floors, interior alterations, window alterations, upgrading of mechanical and electrical services, localised fireproofing works, removal of internal finishes and installation of breathable insulation to walls, upgrading of services to outbuildings, repairs and alterations to roofs to outbuildings and associated landscape works

This application relates to development within the Cherrywood Strategic Development Zone (SDZ) and is subject to the Cherrywood Planning Scheme 2014, as amended. The site of the residential development proposed is located in the Cherrywood Planning Scheme area and forms part of Development Area 8 - Tully. The site of this application is generally bounded by Gun and Drum Hill Road to the south, Lehaunstown Lane to the east, development permitted under Reg. Ref. DZ20A/0399 and DZ21A/0664 to the north and other lands within Development Area 8, Tully (Tully Village Centre lands) to the west. The development proposed consists of 57no. residential dwellings (total gross floor area of c.4,842.4 sqm) in a mixture of houses and duplexes, in a range of buildings 2 to 3 storeys in height on a development tile (T3) of approximately 1.14 Ha comprising of the following: - 21no. 2 storey houses, consisting of 9no. 2 bedroom houses, 8no. 3 bedroom houses and 4no. 4 bedroom houses. - 36no. duplexes, all 3 bedroom, accommodated in 3 storey buildings. - private communal amenity open space (c. 435 sq m) - a 10m wide ecological buffer alongside Lehaunstown Lane; - provision of internal road network including new road carriageways, pedestrian and cycle facilities; - the provision of 85no. surface level car parking spaces, as well as Ino. car share and Ino. set down space. - 114no. cycle parking spaces; - 2no. motorcycle spaces; - all associated and ancillary site development and infrastructural works, including the provision of bike stores and bin stores, ESB substation / switch room, hard and soft landscaping and boundary treatment works. The proposed development also includes minor amendments to development permitted under DZ15A/0758, DZ20A/0399 and DZ21A/0664 Vehicular access serving the proposed development is via a single new proposed entrance off the existing/permitted Gun and Drum Hill Road and utilises the existing/permitted roads including the wider Phase 1 Roads permitted under DZ15A/0758, including Grand Parade. The development proposed will also utilise the extension of Castle Street westwards to the Ticknick Stream, together with a temporary bus turn back facility and a temporary attenuation pond all in Development Area 3 - Priorsland and its associated drainage connections in the T2 tile (each already permitted and under construction under Reg. DZ20A/0399). The application also provides for the use of existing roads at Gun and Drum Hill Road, Grand Parade, (both permitted and under construction under Reg. Ref. DZ15A/0758) and the existing Valley Drive and the Wyattville Link Road. The total area of the planning application site amounts to approximately 8.34Ha.

Permission for development. The development will consist of demolition of: (i) existing temporary staff room adjacent to the rear of the main building, facing the courtyard (60m2) (ii) ancillary spaces with toilet block and part of the existing corridor of the main building (50m2), (iii) existing main street entrance (45m2), (iv) shed to the north-west corner of the site (8m2) and the construction of: (A) two-storey building with 4no. classrooms with toilets, stores, new corridor and stairs in place of the temporary staff room (451m2), (b) single storey extension with two new support-classrooms in place of ancillary exit to the south elevation of the main building (38m2), (c) new general-purpose hall with a lobby (one storey with gallery) to the rear of the site (332m2) and (D) extension of the main entrance at ground floor (15m2); provision of 100no. bicycle parking spaces, landscaped open spaces, site development works, drainage, boundary treatment works and new pedestrian gate at the north-west corner of site adjacent to approved future Suttons Field Development.

Permission for a single storey extension to the rear with

Permission for the development of a Loading Bay and ancillary services. The proposed development is located within the Cherrywood Strategic Development Zone (SDZ) and is subject to the Cherrywood Planning Scheme 2014, as amended. The development will consist of the construction of a new Loading Bay measuring 21.0m x 3.3m together with ancillary services, road markings and signage within a total area of development of 0.1619ha. The proposed development includes minor modifications to previously approved services and landscaping as granted under planning Register Reference DZ17A/0862.

Permission for development. This application relates to

Planning permission for side/rear extension.

Permission for the development of an attic space conversion

The Proposed development on a 0.586-hectare net site area comprising of: (i) Demolition of existing dwelling, comprising of a building of 399sq.m; (ii) Construction of 24 no. dwellings, consisting of 4 no. 2 bed units & 20 no. 3 bed units, comprised of 4 no. House Type A units, 13 no. House Type B1 units, 6 no. House Type B2 units & 1 no House Type B3 unit. The proposed dwellings are between 2 - 3 storey buildings, ranging in height from 9 metres to 11.5 metres; (iii) Provision of 41 surface car parking spaces, including visitor, accessible & EV charging spaces, 6 no. visitor bicycle parking spaces and 1 no. motorcycle space located around the site; (iv) Public open space areas of combined 1,005sqm or 17.1% of the site area; (v) Creation of an upgraded vehicular & pedestrian/cyclist entrance to link to the R842 Glenamuck Road; (vi) Infrastructure works to serve the proposed development to include the internal road network, public lighting, site drainage works, hard and soft landscaping, boundary treatment, and all ancillary site services and development works above and below ground.

Permission for development. The developemtn will consist of

Permission to install 6 no. antenna and 2 no. Transmission Dishes wrapped in a ballast mounted supporting poles together with associated equipment and cabinets at the roof level of The Hunt Building. The installation will form part of the Three Ireland (Hutchinson) Limited telecommunications network. This application relates to lands within the Cherrywood Strategic Development Zone.

The development will consist of the completion of a c.145 metre section of Grand Parade road from the junction of Grand Parade and Tully Vale Road towards Bishop Street. The road was previously permitted as part of the infrastructure works granted under planning ref. DZ15A/0758.

Permission is sought for the construction of a single storey extension (11.00m2 in area) to the rear of the existing, as an additional dining area to the previously approved extension (Reg: D18A/0755) with a flat roof to match existing.

Change of Use from Office to Health Centre / Healthcare Facility with associated façade signage.

The development will consist of the construction of a mono-pitch timber canopy structure to the rear of the existing house.

Retention for alterations to D22B/0216 to now include reduced width and slightly increased height of single storey extension to side of house, enlarged window to front of the extension, new single storey extension at rear, attached garden store to rear of kitchen, new canopy over patio to rear and new bathroom window at first floor level at side of house.

Permission is sought for construction of new

Permission is sought for part change of use of an existing

Retention Permission is sought for relocation of mechanical plant at existing basement car park level and consequent reconfiguration of parking space No. 16 to accommodate same all at previously approved retail unit [Planning Reg Ref No. D20A/0833].

Demolition of the existing dwelling (c.310 m²) and construction of an infill residential development comprising of 4 No, 2 storey, detached, 5 bedroom houses, all on and off site development works, open space, boundary treatments and landscaping with vehicular and pedestrian access to Ballybride Road, all on site of circa 0.53Ha. at Greenacre, Ballybride Road, Rathmichael, Dublin 18, D18X8C8.

4 dwellings

Construction of a single storey extension to the side and rear of the existing house, construction of 1no. dormer with associated glazing to the front of the existing house and construction of a 1no. dormer with associated glazing to the rear of the existing house.

Construction of a single storey extension to the side and rear of the existing house, relocation of the existing entrance door and attic conversion including construction of 1no. dormer with associated glazing to the rear and construction of a 3no. velux windows to the front of the existing house.

Permission for a residential scheme of 322 no. units and a crèche facility in buildings ranging in height from 2 to 4 storeys set around 3 principal public amenity spaces. The residential units will comprise 242 no. apartments and 80 no. houses. The apartments will be accommodated in 8 no. 4-storey blocks (over part basement). The apartments will have associated private balconies/terraces. Block A will accommodate 50 no. units comprising 18 no. 1-bedroom and 32 no. 2-bedroom units. Block B will accommodate 32 no. units comprising 13 no. 1-bedroom, 12 no. 2-bedroom and 7 no. 3-bedroom units. Block C will accommodate 12 no. units comprising 6 no. 1-bedroom and 6 no. 2-bedroom units. Block D will accommodate 32 units comprising 2 no. studio units, 14 no. 1-bedroom and 16 no. 2-bedroom units. Block E will accommodate 32 no. units comprising 6 no. 1-bedroom and 26 no. 2-bedroom units. Block F will accommodate 20 no. units comprising 1 no. studio unit, 11 no. 1 bedroom and 8 no. 2-bedroom units Blocks G and H will each accommodate 32 no. units comprising 6 no. 1-bedroom and 26 no. 2-bedroom units. Block C will accommodate a crèche facility at ground floor level. The houses will consist of 41 no. 3-bedroom units and 39 no. 4 bedroom units, ranging in height from 2 to 3 storeys. The majority of the houses (76) will be in terraces of between 3 and 10 houses, with 2 pairs of semi-detached units. All houses will be provided with surface level car parking. Two separate basements are proposed which will accommodate 338 no. car parking spaces to serve the apartments and crèche, bicycle parking (242 spaces), refuse storage and plant. The development includes the following external road and drainage infrastructure previously permitted by the Planning Authority, which will provide access and services to the development: - A section of Grand Parade from the existing Tully Vale Road to the junction with Gun and Drum Hill Road; A section of Gun and Drum Hill Road from the junctions of Grand Parade to Tully Park Access Road; Tully Park Access Road; Attenuation pond in Lehaunstown Valley, east of Tully Vale apartments. The development will include new internal access roads, surface level car parking (174 spaces) and bicycle parking, landscaping and boundary treatments; part of the new landscaped Greenway connecting Tully Park and Lehanustown Valley and all associated site development works and services, Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) components will include green and blue roofs, detention basins, underground modular storage and swales.The application relates to a development in the Cherrywood S.D.Z.

Permission for development. The development will consist of, a new two storey wheelchair accessible house to the rear of 'Ferndale' together with all ancillary landscaping and drainage works.

The proposed development will consist of significant modifications and changes to the permission granted under planning Reg. Ref. DZ17A/0714 as extended under Reg. Ref. DZ17A/0714/E and as modified under Reg. Ref. DZ21A/0806. The modifications relate to the permitted 4-storey Blocks A1, A2, B and E fronting to Grand Parade. The permitted blocks accommodate 100 no. apartments comprising 32 no. 1-bedroom, 59 no. 2-bedroom and 9 no. 3-bedroom units and a creche. The proposed blocks will accommodate 158 no. apartments (a net increase of 58) comprising 49 no. 1-bedroom, 97 no. 2-bedroom and 12 no. 3-bedroom units and a creche. The development will consist of: Construction of new Block A, a 6-storey building to accommodate 62 no. apartments comprising 21 no. 1-bedroom and 41 no. 2-bedroom units and creche. The new Block A will be developed in lieu of the permitted 4-storey Blocks A1 & A2; Upward extension of 4-storey Block B to 6 storeys to accommodate 48 no. apartments comprising 20 no. 1-bedroom, 16 no. 2-bedroom and 12 no. 3-bedroom units; Upward extension of 4-storey Block E to 6 storeys to accommodate 48 no. apartments comprising 8 no. 1-bedroom and 40 no. 2-bedroom units; Reconfiguration and provision of 4 additional car parking spaces adjacent to Block A; Reconfiguration of the northern basement car park to provide 137 no. car parking spaces (a reduction of 5 spaces) and 208 no. cycle parking spaces (an increase of 78 spaces); Allocation of reduced car parking ratios to Blocks A, B and E; Landscaping and all associated site works and services.

A) Alterations and extensions to existing detached dwelling comprising; Single storey extension to rear at ground floor level, Internal layout changes, Elevational alterations to rear and sides at ground floor level, Modifications to balcony to rear at first floor level, 2 No. new dormer windows to rear of main roof. b) Alterations and extensions to existing detached structure comprising garage/gym and family flat/apartment comprising; Single storey extension to rear providing extended areas to family flat/apartment and a new internal link between main house and detached structure, Internal layout changes to existing family flat/apartment at first floor level, Conversion of garage/gym to cinema room, Consequential elevational alterations. c) Alterations to existing swimming pool and garden comprising; Removal of existing covered surround to existing swimming pool and demolition of existing single storey structure with associated facilities, Minor amendments to swimming pool, Single storey detached structure containing gym, changing, storage and associated plant, Covered external Kitchen/Dining/Seating area with connecting open colonnade to main house, Green house and small reflective pool feature, Hard and soft landscaping.

Permission for the a) removal of existing two storey porch and replacement with new single storey open porch (8m2), and b) single storey extension to rear (15m2) to match existing

Permission is sought for single storey extensions to front (south) of house and ancillary site works

Planning permission is sought for erection of new 2 storey detached 4 bedroom dwelling house circa 132 m2 nett internal area (circa 161 m2 gross external area) to include new vehicle access, driveway & parking, boundary treatment to new boundary, solar panels to new roof, new wastewater treatment system and percolation area and associated site and landscape works on site comprising circa 0.176 ha at side and rear.

Proposed 56.97sqm extension to existing 53.43 dwelling, and proposed replacement waste water treatment system to EPA standards in lieu of existing septic tank and associated works.

Arbour Hills Alternative Asset Fund I Ltd seeks permission for a residential development, on a site located in the townland of Kilternan Domain, to the immediate east of the Suttonfield residential development, to the rear (north-west) of a property known as Kerimaki (Eircode: D18 EC96), to the rear of the neighbouring property known as Ferndale (Eircode: D18 VA09), and to the south of Wayside Cottages, Kilternan, Co. Dublin. The proposed development consists of the construction of a three-storey building of 14 no. duplex units, comprised 7 no. two-bedroom apartments at ground floor and 7 no. two-storey three-bedroom duplex units overhead and all associated site development works, new entrance gate into Kerimaki, open spaces, including hard and soft landscaping, boundary treatments, car parking, bin & bicycle storage, public lighting etc., on a site area of c.0.4Ha. Vehicular access to the proposed development will be via the adjoining, permitted Suttonfield development (Ref. ABP-307043-20) off the Ballybetagh Road, with pedestrian & cyclist access only provided onto the Enniskerry Road (R117).

Residential development. Construction of eight 3 bedroom, 3 storey, terraced houses (in 2 blocks) and all associated site development works, new entrance gate into Kerimaki, open space including hard and soft landscaping, boundary treatments, car parking, bin & bicycle stores, public lighting etc, on a site of circa 0.39ha. Vehicular access to the proposed developmentwill be via the permitted Suttonfield development (ABP-307043-20) off the Ballybetagh Road, with pedestrian and cyclist access only provided onto Enniskerry Road (R117).

Permission is sought for development consisting of the construction of two number two-storey houses (233m2 and 175m2 in area) to the side of an existing dwelling, modification of existing boundary wall to provide a new shared vehicular entrance and all associated parking, services, landscape, site and development works.

Permission for a new detached two storey house of 148.5sqm together with all site works including a new entrance onto Ballybride & all new utility connections.

Permission for development. The development will consist of: Demolition of the existing dwelling and ancillary outbuildings (544sq.metres); and the construction of a residential development comprising of 61 no. dwellings in total, consisting of 7 no. three-bedroom mid terrace two storey houses, 2 no. three-bedroom end of terrace two storey houses and 2 no. four-bedroom end of terrace three storey houses (11 no. houses in total); 11 no. one bedroom apartments, 29 no. two bedroom apartments and 10 no. three-bedroom duplex apartments (50 no. apartments in total) in 3 no. blocks ranging in height from 3 to 5 storeys, to include associated balconies and terraces. The development will also include a new vehicular and pedestrian access from Glenamuck Road South at the southeast boundary of the site; the provision of future potential access connection points (vehicular, cycle and pedestrian) to adjacent lands to the northeast and southwest; the provision of a future potential access connection point (cycle and pedestrian) to the proposed Glenamuck District Distributor Road to the northwest; provision of internal roads, footpaths, landscaped public open space, a play area and bicycle store areas; parking at surface and basement (87 no. total spaces for car parking and 72 no. bicycles spaces and 4 no. motorcycle spaces); drainage attenuation; and all ancillary site development works, boundary treatments, lighting and services provision above and below ground.

Permission for a ground & 1st floor extension to the rear

Permission is sought for change of use/conversion of existing two storey garage adjacent and connected to existing house into a seperate dwelling of 138sqm, together with all site works & new utility connections.